A ranar 11 ga watan Yuli, an gudanar da taron musaya na kasar Sin kan harkokin sufuri mai tsafta da rigakafin gurbatar yanayi a nan birnin Beijing. A gun taron, kwararrun da suka dace daga masana'antar sarrafa man fetur ta Amurka, da kwararrun masana harkokin kare muhalli na kasar Sin, sun bayyana kwarewarsu kan batutuwan da suka hada da rigakafin gurbacewar iska, da gogewar inganta iskar gas ta Amurka.
Chai Fahe, tsohon mataimakin shugaban kwalejin kimiyyar muhalli ta kasar Sin, ya bayyana cewa, a cikin 'yan shekarun nan, wurare da dama a kasar Sin sun ci gaba da fuskantar gurbatar iska. A shiyya-shiyya, yankin Tianjin Hebei na birnin Beijing har yanzu shi ne yankin da ya fi fuskantar gurbatar iska.
Mataimakin mai bincike na cibiyar nazarin muhalli ta kwalejin kimiyya ta kasar Sin Liu Yongchun, ya bayyana cewa, a yayin da ake yin nazari kan musabbabin gurbatar iska a kasar Sin, an gano cewa, ma'aunin gurbatar yanayi na daidaikun mutane na da saukin kai ga ma'auni. amma alamomin ɓangarorin kwayoyin halitta sun kasance masu wahalar sarrafawa. Cikakkun dalilai sun kasance masu sarƙaƙƙiya, kuma ɓangarorin da aka samu ta hanyar sauyi na biyu na gurɓata yanayi daban-daban sun taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen samuwar hazo.
A halin yanzu, hayakin motoci ya zama muhimmiyar tushen gurɓataccen iska na yanki, gami da carbon monoxide, hydrocarbons da nitrogen oxides, PM (particulate matter, soot) da sauran iskar gas masu cutarwa. Fitar da gurɓataccen abu yana da alaƙa da ingancin man fetur.
A cikin 1950s, abubuwan da suka faru na "photochemical smog" a Los Angeles da sauran wurare a Amurka kai tsaye sun haifar da ƙaddamar da Dokar Tsabtace Tsabtace ta Tarayyar Amurka. A lokaci guda, Amurka ta ba da shawarar inganta man fetur ethanol. Dokar Tsabtace iska ta zama mataki na farko don inganta man fetur na ethanol a Amurka, yana samar da tushen doka don haɓaka ethanol na biofuel. A cikin 1979, {asar Amirka ta kafa "Shirin Ci Gaban Ethanol" na gwamnatin tarayya, kuma ta fara inganta amfani da cakuda mai mai dauke da 10% ethanol.
Biofuel ethanol shine mafi kyawun inganta lambar octane mara guba da kuma oxygenator da aka ƙara zuwa gasoline. Idan aka kwatanta da man fetur na yau da kullun, E10 ethanol man fetur (man fetur mai dauke da 10% biofuel ethanol) zai iya rage PM2.5 da fiye da 40% gaba ɗaya. Sa ido kan muhalli da sashen kula da muhalli na kasa ya gudanar a yankunan da ake bunkasa man fetur din ethanol ya nuna cewa man fetur na ethanol na iya rage fitar da iskar carbon monoxide, hydrocarbons, particulates da sauran abubuwa masu cutarwa a cikin hayakin mota.
Rahoton bincike "Tasirin Ethanol Gasoline akan ingancin iska" da aka fitar a taron shekara-shekara na Ethanol na kasa na biyar ya kuma nuna cewa ethanol na iya rage PM2.5 na farko a cikin sharar mota. Ƙara 10% man fetur ethanol zuwa man fetur na yau da kullum na motoci na yau da kullum na iya rage fitar da kwayoyin halitta da kashi 36%, yayin da motoci masu yawa, zai iya rage fitar da kwayoyin da kashi 64.6%. Abubuwan da ke tattare da kwayoyin halitta a cikin PM2.5 na biyu suna da alaƙa kai tsaye da abubuwan aromatics a cikin mai. Yin amfani da ethanol don maye gurbin wasu aromatics a cikin man fetur zai iya rage fitar da PM2.5 na sakandare.
Bugu da kari, man fetur ethanol kuma na iya rage gurbacewar hayaki mai guba irin su adibas a dakin konewar injunan motoci da benzene, da kuma inganta ingantattun na'urorin da ke fitar da hayakin mota.
Ga biofuel ethanol, duniyar waje kuma ta damu cewa babban amfani da shi na iya yin tasiri kan farashin abinci. Sai dai James Miller, tsohon mataimakin sakataren ma'aikatar makamashi ta Amurka kuma shugaban kamfanin ba da shawara kan manufofin noma da halittu, wanda ya halarci taron, ya ce bankin duniya ma ya rubuta takarda a 'yan shekarun da suka gabata. Sun ce a gaskiya farashin man fetur ya shafi farashin abinci, ba wai man biofuel ba. Sabili da haka, amfani da bioethanol ba zai shafi farashin kayan abinci ba.
A halin yanzu, man fetur ethanol da ake amfani da shi a kasar Sin yana kunshe da kashi 90% na man fetur na yau da kullun da kuma 10% na ethanol. Tun daga shekarar 2002, kasar Sin ta shafe fiye da shekaru 10 tana inganta samar da sinadarin ethanol. A cikin wannan lokaci, kasar Sin ta amince da kamfanonin samar da sinadarin ethanol guda bakwai don samar da sinadarin ethanol mai, kana ta gudanar da aikin tallata ayyukan rufe fuska a yankuna 11 da suka hada da Heilongjiang, Liaoning, Anhui da Shandong. Ya zuwa shekarar 2016, kasar Sin ta samar da kusan tan miliyan 21.7 na man fetur ethanol da tan miliyan 25.51 na carbon dioxide kwatankwacin.
Yawan motocin da ke birnin Tianjin Hebei da kewaye ya kai kimanin miliyan 60, amma yankin Tianjin Hebei na birnin Beijing ba a saka shi cikin matukin man fetur din ba.
Wu Ye, mataimakin shugaban makarantar kula da muhalli na jami'ar Tsinghua, ya bayyana cewa, a zahiri, yin amfani da man fetur na ethanol tare da tsari mai ma'ana bai haifar da karuwar yawan man fetur da makamashi ba; Ga nau'ikan nau'ikan man fetur daban-daban, fitar da gurbataccen iska ya bambanta, yana ƙaruwa kuma yana raguwa. Haɓaka iskar gas ɗin ethanol mai ma'ana a yankin Tianjin Hebei na Beijing yana da kyakkyawan sakamako na inganta rage PM2.5. Gasoline na Ethanol har yanzu yana iya saduwa da ma'auni na 6 na ƙasa don ƙirar abin hawa mai inganci mai inganci.
Lokacin aikawa: Oktoba-26-2022