A halin yanzu, ethanol mai ilimin halittu na duniya yana da adadin fiye da ton miliyan 70 a shekara, kuma akwai ƙasashe da dama da yankuna don aiwatar da ethanol na bio-fuel. Yawan fitar da man biofuels na shekara-shekara a Amurka da Brazil ya kai tan miliyan 44.22 da tan miliyan 2.118, wanda ke matsayi na biyu a kan gaba a duniya, wanda ya kai sama da kashi 80% na jimillar duniya. Masana'antar ethanol mai bio-fuel sana'a ce ta al'ada wacce ke jagorantar manufofin. A ƙarshe Amurka da Brazil sun fara kan hanyar da ta dace da kasuwa ta hanyar tallafin kasafin kuɗi da manufofin haraji da tsauraran matakan aiwatar da doka, suna samar da ƙwarewar ci gaba.
Kwarewar Amurka
Hanyar Amurka ita ce haɓaka ethanol na biofuel don yin doka da tsauraran matakan aiwatar da doka, kuma an haɗa babban matakin ƙira tare da duk tsarin aiwatarwa.
1. Doka. A cikin 1978, Amurka ta ƙaddamar da "Dokar Harajin Harajin Makamashi" don rage harajin kuɗin shiga na mutum ga masu amfani da ethanol na biofurate da buɗe kasuwar aikace-aikacen. A cikin 1980, bayar da lissafin ya sanya haraji mai yawa akan ethanol da aka shigo da shi daga Brazil don kare ƙasar. A cikin 2004, Amurka ta fara ba da tallafin kasafin kuɗi kai tsaye ga masu siyar da ethanol na biofuel, $ 151 akan kowace ton a kowace ton. Gyaran kai tsaye yana haifar da haɓakar haɓakar haɓakar man fetur. biofuel ethanol.
2. Tsananin tilasta bin doka. Ma'aikatun gwamnati kamar Sashen Albarkatun Jiragen Sama, Ofishin Kare Muhalli, da Ofishin Haraji suna aiwatar da dokoki da ka'idoji da manufofin da suka dace, da sarrafawa da sarrafa masana'antu da masu ruwa da tsaki ciki har da masana'antun, gidajen mai, masu noman masara. Domin inganta ingantaccen aiwatar da dokoki da ƙa'idodi da manufofi, Amurka kuma ta ƙirƙiri "Matsayin Makamashi Masu Sabuntawa" (RFS). Bugu da ƙari, nawa dole ne a yi amfani da man fetur a Amurka a kowace shekara, Hukumar Kare Muhalli kuma tana amfani da "tsarin lambar jerin makamashi mai sabuntawa" (RIN) a cikin ma'auni don tabbatar da cewa an ƙara yawan ethanol na biofuel a cikin man fetur.
3. Haɓaka man fetur na cellulose ethanol. Bisa bukatar da ake bukata, domin tabbatar da wadata, a cikin 'yan shekarun nan, {asar Amirka ta ɓullo da manufofi don haɓaka man fetur na cellulose ethanol.Bush ya ba da shawarar samar da dala biliyan 2 a cikin tallafin kudi na gwamnati don samar da man fetur na cellulose a lokacin mulkinsa. A cikin 2007, Ma'aikatar Aikin Gona ta Amurka ta ba da sanarwar cewa za ta samar da dala biliyan 1.6 a cikin tallafin tallafi ga man fetur na cellulose ethanol.
Yana dogara daidai da waɗannan dokoki da ka'idoji da tsarin aiwatarwa waɗanda mafi girma a duniya suka ci gaba a duniya, mafi girman fitar da kayayyaki, mafi kyawun fitar da samfur, mafi nasara ci gaba, kuma daga ƙarshe ya hau kan hanyar ci gaba mai dogaro da kasuwa.
Kwarewar Brazil
Brazil ta haɓaka masana'antar ethanol ta biofuel ta hanyar ƙa'idodin kasuwa na baya "Tsarin Alcohol na ƙasa" zuwa ƙa'idar da ta dace da kasuwa.
1. "Shirin Alcohol na Kasa". Kwamitin Sugar da ethanol na Brazil ne ke jagorantar shirin da kuma Hukumar Kula da Man Fetur ta Brazil, gami da manufofi daban-daban kamar hanyoyin farashi, jimillar tsare-tsare, rangwamen haraji, tallafin gwamnati, da ka'idojin rabo don aiwatar da tsangwama mai ƙarfi da sarrafa ethanol mai ilimin halitta. masana'antu. Aiwatar da shirin ya inganta kafa tushen ci gaban masana'antar ethanol na biofuel.
2. Siyasa ta fita. Tun da sabon karni, Brazil ta sannu a hankali rage manufofin kokarin, annashuwa hane-hane farashin, kuma an saka farashi da kasuwa.A lokaci guda, gwamnatin Brazil rayayye inganta m motocin man fetur.Masu amfani iya flexibly zabar man fetur bisa ga kwatance kwatanci. Farashin man fetur da farashin ethanol na biofuel, ta yadda za a inganta amfani da ethanol na biofuel.
Halayen haɓakar masana'antar man ethanol ta Brazil sun zama masu dogaro da kasuwa.
Lokacin aikawa: Fabrairu-23-2023