A cewar wani rahoto a shafin yanar gizon mujallolin "Makon Kasuwanci" na Amurka a ranar 6 ga Janairu, saboda samar da man fetur ba kawai tsada ba ne, amma yana kawo lalacewar muhalli da hauhawar farashin abinci.
A cewar rahotanni, a shekara ta 2007, Amurka ta kafa dokar samar da galan biliyan 9 na hadakar mai a shekarar 2008, kuma wannan adadi zai haura galan biliyan 36 nan da shekarar 2022. A shekarar 2013, EPA ta bukaci kamfanonin da ke samar da mai su kara galan biliyan 14. na masara ethanol da galan biliyan 2.75 na ci gaban biofuels da aka samar daga guntun itace da masara. husks. A cikin 2009, Tarayyar Turai ta kuma gabatar da manufa: nan da 2020, ethanol ya kamata ya zama kashi 10% na yawan man sufuri. Ko da yake farashin samar da ethanol yana da yawa, babban matsalar ba haka ba ne, domin waɗannan manufofin a Amurka da Turai ba sa taimakawa wajen magance talauci da matsalolin muhalli. Amfani da ethanol a duniya ya karu sau biyar a cikin fiye da shekaru goma tun daga karni na 21, kuma hauhawar farashin abinci a duniya ya yi tasiri sosai ga talakawa.
Bugu da kari, samar da biofuels bai dace da cutar da kare muhalli ba. Tsarin daga shuka amfanin gona zuwa samar da ethanol yana buƙatar kuzari mai yawa. Har ila yau, a wasu lokuta ana kona dazuzzuka don biyan bukatun filaye na amfanin gona. Dangane da wadannan matsalolin da ke tattare da samar da man biofuel, Tarayyar Turai da Amurka sun rage maƙasudin samar da ethanol. A watan Satumba na 2013, Majalisar Turai ta kada kuri'ar rage burin da ake sa ran za a yi a shekarar 2020 daga kashi 10% zuwa 6%, kuri'ar da za ta jinkirta wannan doka har zuwa shekarar 2015. Hukumar kare muhalli ta Amurka ta kuma datse burinta na samar da albarkatun mai a shekarar 2014 kadan.
Hakazalika, masana'antar ethanol na cikin gida suma sun gamu da wani abin kunya. Tun da farko, don magance matsalar tsufar hatsi, jihar ta amince da gina wasu ayyukan gwaji na samar da man fetur 4 a cikin "tsarin shekaru biyar na goma": Jilin Fuel Ethanol Co., Ltd., Heilongjiang China Resources Alcohol Co. , Ltd., Henan Tianguan Fuel Group da Anhui Fengyuan Fuel Alcohol Co., Ltd. Co., Ltd. A karkashin jagorancin manufofin, babban an ƙaddamar da adadin ƙarfin samarwa da sauri. Ya zuwa karshen shekarar 2005, ton miliyan 1.02 na karfin samar da sinadarin ethanol da kamfanoni hudu da aka ambata a sama suka tsara da kuma gina su duk sun kai ga samarwa.
Koyaya, samfurin farko na haɓaka ethanol na biofuel ta hanyar dogaro da masara kamar yadda albarkatun ƙasa ya tabbatar da rashin aiki. Bayan shekaru da yawa na narkewa mai tsanani, samar da kayan abinci na gida na tsohuwar hatsi ya kai iyakarsa, ba zai iya biyan bukatun albarkatun man fetur na ethanol ba. Wasu kamfanoni ma suna amfani da kusan kashi 80% na sabbin hatsi. Duk da haka, yayin da al'amurran da suka shafi samar da abinci ke ƙara yin fice, halin gwamnati game da amfani da masara don man fetur ethanol shima ya canza sosai.
A cewar rahoton da Cibiyar Nazarin Masana'antu mai yiwuwa ta bayar, a cikin 2006, jihar ta ba da shawarar "yafi mayar da hankali kan rashin abinci da rayayye da ci gaba da haɓaka ci gaban masana'antar ethanol ta biofuel", sannan ta dawo da ikon amincewa da duk mai. ayyukan dogara ga gwamnatin tsakiya; Daga shekarar 2007 zuwa 2010, hukumar raya kasa da sake fasalin kasa sau uku ana bukatar ta tsaftace aikin sarrafa masara gaba daya. A lokaci guda kuma, tallafin da gwamnati ke samu daga kamfanonin da COFCO Biochemical ke wakilta yana raguwa. A shekara ta 2010, mizanin tallafin da ake samu don samar da ethanol na biofuel na kamfanoni da aka keɓe a lardin Anhui da COFCO Biochemical ya samu ya kai yuan/ton 1,659, wanda kuma ya kasance yuan 396 ƙasa da yuan 2,055 a shekarar 2009. Tallafin ethanol na man fetur a shekarar 2012 ya yi ƙasa da ƙasa. Ga man ethanol da aka yi daga masara, kamfanin ya sami tallafin yuan 500 a kowace ton; na man ethanol da aka yi daga amfanin gona da ba hatsi ba kamar rogo, ya sami tallafin yuan 750 kan kowace tan. Bugu da kari, daga ranar 1 ga Janairu, 2015, jihar za ta soke harajin VAT da farko sannan kuma za ta mayar da kudi ga kamfanonin da aka kera na man ethanol da aka kera, sannan a lokaci guda, ethanol din mai da aka samu ta hanyar amfani da hatsi a matsayin danyen kayan aiki don shirye-shiryen. na ethanol gas na motoci shima zai dawo da harajin kashi 5%. harajin amfani.
Fuskantar matsalolin yin gasa da mutane don abinci da ƙasa da abinci, sararin ci gaban bioethanol a cikin ƙasata zai iyakance nan gaba, kuma tallafin manufofin zai ragu sannu a hankali, kuma kamfanonin samar da ethanol na biofuel za su fuskanci hauhawar farashi. Ga kamfanonin ethanol na man fetur da suka saba da dogara ga tallafi don rayuwa, makomar ci gaban gaba ba ta kasance ba.
Lokacin aikawa: Maris-30-2022